This syndrome is an acute, life-threatening situation that requires immediate emergency veterinary care. Gastric dilatation refers to the ballooning of the stomach as it fills with air and froth. Volvulus refers to the twisting of the stomach as it rotates on its long axis. Gastric dilatation can occur alone or it can be complicated by volvulus. After volvulus occurs, both the inlet to the stomach and the outlet from the stomach are closed. Gas and liquid cannot escape from the interior of the stomach. As the stomach swells, pressure on the vena cava prevents blood from returning to the heart. This condition results in shock, tissue damage, and kidney failure. Many other organs and systems begin to fail and death results from respiratory and cardiac failure.

The exact cause of gastric dilatation - volvulus is unknown. It is believed that gastric dilatation is due to the accumulation of excessive swallowed air. This can result from the gulping of food. Overeating, intense exercise after eating, and dry cereal-based dog foods have all been incriminated in causing the disease.

X-Rays Showing Distension and Accumulation of Gasin the Stomach (and Intestines) Resulting from Gastric Torsion

The disease is seen almost exclusively in large-breed, deep-chested dogs.

Symptoms of gastric dilatation - volvulus are acute and severe. They usually occur after feeding time. Intense salivation and restlessness are generally the first symptoms. These symptoms are followed by abdominal distension and retching.

Gastric dilatation - volvulus is an emergency. Immediate medical and surgical care is required. The sooner the treatment is initiated, the better the chance for survival. Many dogs die before making it to the surgery table.

Some recommendations for preventing gastric dilatation—volvulus:

1. Feed small portions. Give several small portions throughout the day.
2. Do not exercise after meal time.
3. Restrict access to water for one hour after feeding.
4. Recognize early warning signals of gastric dilatation - volvulus. These include excessive salivation, restlessness, retching, abdominal enlargement, and belching.